Modern editions of music from such periods generally transpose the original C-clef parts to either treble (female voices), octave treble (tenors), or bass clef (tenors and basses). This clef is used very often in music written for bassoon, cello, and trombone it replaces the bass clef when the number of ledger lines above the bass staff hinders easy reading.Ĭ clefs were used in vocal music of the classical era and earlier however, their usage in vocal music has been supplanted by the universal use of the treble and bass clefs. While all clefs can be placed anywhere on the staff to indicate various tessitura, the C clef is most often considered a "movable" clef: it is frequently seen pointing instead to the fourth line and called a "tenor clef". Positioned here, it makes the center line on the staff middle C, and is referred to as the "alto clef." This clef is used in modern notation for the viola. This clef points to the line (or space, rarely) representing middle C, or approximately 262 Hz. The shape of the clef comes from a stylised upper-case-G. Middle-C is the 1st ledger line below the stave here. Positioned here, it assigns G above middle C to the second line from the bottom of the staff, and is referred to as the "treble clef." This is the most commonly encountered clef in modern notation, and is used for most modern vocal music. The centre of the spiral defines the line or space upon which it rests as the pitch G above middle C, or approximately 392 Hz. In early music, clefs could be placed on any of several lines on a staff. Additional clefs may appear in the middle of a staff to indicate a change in register for instruments with a wide range. A clef is usually the leftmost symbol on a staff. Depending on the instruments playing, the brace, or accolade, will vary in designs and styles.Ĭlefs define the pitch range, or tessitura, of the staff on which it is placed. Subdivides long measures into shorter segments for ease of reading, usually according to natural rhythmic subdivisions.Ĭonnects two or more lines of music that are played simultaneously. A bold double bar line indicates the conclusion of a movement or an entire composition. Also used at changes in key signature or major changes in style or tempo. Used to separate two sections or phrases of music. Bar lines are extended to connect the upper and lower staffs of a grand staff. Used to separate measures (see time signatures below for an explanation of measures). Such ledger lines are placed behind the note heads, and extend a small distance to each side. Used to extend the staff to pitches that fall above or below it. The interstitial spaces are often remembered as spelling the word "face" (notes F-A-C-E). In music education, for the Treble Clef, the mnemonic "Every Good Boy Does Fine" (or "Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge") is used to remember the value of each line from bottom to top. The spaces between the lines are, in the same fashion, numbered from one to four. The lines on a basic five-line staff are designated a number from one to five, the bottom line being the first one and the top line being the fifth. The grand staff combines bass and treble staffs into one system joined by a brace. With treble clef, the bottom staff line is assigned to E above middle C (E4 in note-octave notation) the space above it is F4, and so on. The five staff lines and four intervening spaces correspond to pitches of the diatonic scale - which pitch is meant by a given line or space is defined by the clef. The fundamental latticework of music notation, upon which symbols are placed.
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